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Currently, there are more than 300 billion threaded fasteners used in the United States annually. These fasteners are utilized in a variety of ways including complex manufacturing processes, commercial construction projects, or even just anchoring bookshelves at home. Considering the wide range of fastener options, it’s important to understand the primary types of fasteners before choosing one for your application.

What Are Threaded Fasteners?

Threaded fasteners are most easily identified by either an external or internal screw thread.

All threaded fasteners share a simple but essential function: to fasten objects together and hold components in place.

While there are many ways to join components including welding, adhesives, and brazing, threaded fasteners are a very popular choice as they are a non-permanent solution that can be installed, tightened, and removed quickly. They are also much stronger than unthreaded fasteners, like rivets, grommets, and pins.

Threaded Fastener Classifications

Threaded fasteners can also be classified by their thread length. There are fully threaded fasteners that have threading from the head to the tip and partially threaded fasteners that have threading on only part of the shaft.

Fully threaded fasteners can withstand greater force and are best for grip strength because tension is spread over the entire fastener. Partially threaded fasteners are better for alignment and shear strength, and a partially smooth shaft on nuts, bolts, and screws makes them ideal partners for washers.

Common Types of Threaded Fasteners

The three primary types of threaded fasteners are nuts, bolts, and screws. Most fasteners are made of stainless steel or carbon steel, however there are also threaded fasteners made from other metals or alloys including titanium, copper, aluminum, nickel, and bronze.

Screws

A screw has a slotted head that allows you to twist its pointed end into material to fasten two objects together. You use a screwdriver or drill to install the screw into wood or other material. The most common screw heads are:

• Phillips head: Features a cross-shaped slot on the screw head
• Flathead: Similar to Phillips head, except it has one horizontal slot
• Hex: Features a hexagon-shaped slot on its head
• Torx: Features a star-shaped slot on its head

There are dozens of types of screws, but most fall into two broad categories: screws that require you to drill a pilot hole before installing the screw and so-called self-drilling screws that don’t require a predrilled hole. Some common types of screws include:

• Wood screws: These screws—which are made of metal—are designed to connect two or more wood pieces. Typically, they’re self-driving screws partially threaded with a smooth upper shank to prevent the screw head from driving deep into the wood. Many homeowners use some variation of wood screws for a variety of purposes.
• Masonry screws: These screws have a flat tip and require a predrilled hole. Most masonry screws have hex heads that are raised instead of slots. You can use them for attaching wood to concrete or metal.
• Sheet metal screws: These screws are fully threaded with sharp points to drive into metal, wood, or hard plastic.
• Lag screws: Sometimes called lag bolts, these sturdy screws have a square or hex head and are typically driven with a wrench. You use them for heavy applications like roofing.
• Machine screws: There are a wide variety of machine screws that are used in machining and manufacturing applications. They are ¼ inch or less in diameter, and their primary use is to hold metal objects together. Manufacturers design them to fit precisely with the parts they will fasten.

Conclusion

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