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Fasteners can be threaded, fixed, and locking, while thread fasteners involve different screws. All threaded fasteners contain a spiraling ‘ramp’ on a cylindrical shaft. This ramp is a simple apparatus designed to change torque, or rotational force, into a linear force. It is called a thread.

The thread of an external screw is described by: the pitch, which is defined by the length, parallel to the axis of the screw, between the crest of one thread to the adjacent crest; the major diameter, which is the outside diameter; the minor diameter, which is the lower diameter; the pitch diameter, the fictitious diameter for which the cuts and flanks of the threads are identical; and the lead, which is the axial distance the screw advances during a single rotation.

A single start screw has the lead equal to the pitch. A screw with multiple threads has multiple edges next to each other and the double-start or double-threaded screw has the lead. A right-handed screw, when rotated clockwise, moves away from the user. With fasteners, the threads are generally right-handed and left-handed and must be identified.

Types of Threaded Fasteners

The three primary types of threaded fasteners are nuts, bolts, and screws.

✔️Nuts

A common type of threaded fastener is a nut. It consists of a circular-shaped piece of metal with internal threads. Nuts are used together with bolts to join two or more components. The threaded interior of a nut joins to the threaded exterior of a bolt. When the nut is turned, it drives up or down the bolt, depending on the direction it’s turned.

Most nuts have a hexagonal exterior. The inside is still cylindrical, though the exterior has a hexagonal shape to make installation easier. The six sides make hexagonal nuts easier to grip so that workers can install or remove them with minimal effort.

✔️Bolts

Bolts and screws are sometimes assumed to be the same thing, but this is a misconception. Bolts are used to connect two or more unthreaded objects, whereas screws are used to join two or more threaded objects. Another difference is that screws typically create their own threads during installation. Nonetheless, bolts are specifically designed to join unthreaded things by relying on a nut.

As mentioned, nuts connect to bolts using their threaded surfaces. Thus, the threaded exterior of a bolt acts as a track for the threaded interior of a nut.

✔️Screws

The most popular type of threaded fastener is a screw. Screws are made of cylindrical-shaped pieces of metal with a threaded surface wrapping around the sides. A head is on the top of a screw, which is used to drive the screw into an object or workpiece. For example, if a screw has a Phillips head, a Philips head screwdriver can be used to turn and install the screw. If a screw has a flat head, a flat head screwdriver or bit can be used.

There are many different screw types, including machine screws, lag screws, hex screws, wood screws, drywall screws, self-tapping screws, and concrete screws.

Conclusion

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