What kinds of Plain Washers are there?
June 22,2022
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Although each assembly and tightening process requires various components to operate successfully, gaskets are an important part. Washers can be used under the heads of fasteners, bolts, screws or under nuts or combinations. Gaskets are designed to perform functions in a particular application; These can be locking, load spreading, protection, decoration, tension indication, sealing or a combination of these roles. Washers are also important to prevent galvanic corrosion, especially by insulating the steel screws from the aluminum surface. Let's take a look at several categories of plain washers:
- Plain washer
The main function of the flat washer is to distribute the bearing surface pressure, clamping load, bolts or nuts on a large surface area to prevent damage.
Gaskets are mainly manufactured according to standard specifications of various sizes, materials and shapes. The flat washer is a thin, flat, circular universal washer with a hole in the middle. The inner and outer shapes are usually circular. Depending on the function of the gasket, the hole or outer diameter can be asymmetric. Flat washer dimensions are indicated by the shank diameter of the fastener, where they form part of the assembly.
- Square washer
Square washers for construction shall be used instead of circular washers for wood construction and concrete floor applications; They are used with all fasteners for greater load distribution and bolts passing through walls or wood.
- Square hole washer
It is used in woodworking and fencing industries, and combines wheel bolts and body screws with square section under the bolt head; The washer is located on the square below the bolt head.
- Conical washer
The conical washer is designed for the passage section, under the nut with conical flange, so that the bolt assembly can fit square when tightened.
- Spring washer split lock washer
Coil spring washers provide anti vibration function. They are separated by a ring on a ring and bent into a spiral shape, which makes the washer exert elastic force between the head and bearing surface of the fastener, so that the washer remains hard against the face and the bolt to tighten the nut or threaded hole, generating greater friction force and rotation resistance. The spring washer is a left-hand screw that allows the thread to be tightened clockwise in the right hand direction. When the left rotation movement is applied, the raised edge bites into the lower side of the bolt or nut and the part fixed with the bolt to resist the rotation. The spring washer is invalid for left-hand thread and hardened surface, and should not be used with the flat washer under the spring washer, because this will prevent the spring washer from biting into the parts that can resist rotation. Spring washers are produced according to various standards, indicating thickness and section size, usually square or rectangular section. Popular spring washers are single coil, but can also be supplied as double coil washers.
- Rib contact lock washer
Washers with surface rib serrations on one or two flat surfaces are designed to engage the connecting material or bolts or nuts to change the electrical contact or locking action.
Flat washers can be made of any type of material that can be stamped, pressed or cut. Gaskets are made of various metallic and non-metallic materials, including low carbon steel and high carbon steel, stainless steel and steel alloys, copper based materials, beryllium copper, phosphor bronze, titanium, aluminum, fiber, mica, polyester film, rubber, nylon, PTFE and phenolic resin.
Gasket materials are important because certain applications require specific materials to ensure that the gasket can withstand environmental conditions. For example, if the gasket undergoes cyclic loading, strength is an important design criterion, and in the case of spring and disc gaskets, high alloy steel or spring steel is required. When the gasket bears a light load or a soft surface that may be damaged by the metal gasket, use non-metallic materials, etc.
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